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The Old Bavarian Donaumoos ((ドイツ語:Altbayerisches Donaumoos)) is an old fen on the southern side of the Danube, southwest of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, in the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district. The fen, drained from 1790 onwards, has now dropped 3 metres (9.8 ft) in surface level because of the drainage and associated environmental effects.〔〔 The ''Donaumoos'' was once the largest area of fenland in Southern Germany.〔(Haus im Moos ) accessed: 28 February 2011〕 It is one of two former fens named ''Donaumoos'', the other being the Swabian Donaumoos ((ドイツ語:Schwäbisches Donaumoos)), also predominantly located in Bavaria, between Ulm and Gundelfingen. Of the Bavarian fens, the ''Moose'', 95 percent have been dried out, a trend the Bavarian government wishes to reverse by re-flooding some of the former fens.〔(Wiederentdeckung der Moore ) ''Donaukurier'', published: 30 December 2010, accessed: 28 February 2011〕 ==History== The ''Donaumoos'' was formed after the last glacial period, which ended approximately 10,000 years ago, in the wet lowlands on the southern side of the Danube ((ドイツ語:Donau)). Over a period of time, peat was formed in the ''Donaumoos'' through the incomplete decomposing of plant materials. The peat formed at a rate of one millimetre per annum, to eventually reach a thickness of up to 10 metres in the ''Donaumoos''.〔(Geographische Lage ) Donaumoos Zweckverband website - Geographic location, accessed: 28 February 2011〕 Up until 1790, the 180 square kilometres of the ''Donaumoos'' fen were mostly inaccessible. From 1790 onwards, under the initiative of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, the fen was systematically drained. 473 kilometres of canals were built to drain the ''Donaumoos'' and, alongside the straight canals, villages were formed. Living conditions in the ''Moos'' were however difficult and new settlers for the region were hard to find.〔 To compensate for the later problem, the Bavarian government relaxed its long-standing policy of not allowing non-Catholics to live in Bavaria. In 1802, it permitted 120 Mennonite families to settle in the Danube fens. The new settlers were given numerous advantages, like subsidies, freedom from military service, tax-and rent-free use of the land for 10 years. Economic difficulties in the mid-1850s however forced the Mennonites to abandon their colony again and eventually emigrate to the United States.〔(Correll, Ernst H. "Donaumoos (Freistaat Bayern, Germany)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1956. ) accessed: 28 February 2011〕 Other Protestants - Lutherans and some reformed - settled in the Donaumoos to stay, however. As a result, in the 19th century there established three Protestant parishes in Karlshuld, Ludwigsmoos and Untermaxfeld, some of the very few existing in rural southern Bavaria before 1945. Apart from non-Catholics, the Bavarian government also recruited convicts to settle in the area.〔(Ein Ausbrecherkönig erzählt aus seinem Leben ) ''Die Zeit'', published: 13 October 1989, accessed: 3 March 2011〕 The ''Moos'' was also home to one of Bavaria's most notorious criminals, Theo Berger (1941–2003), who was able to muster considerable support in the region during his four escape attempts from prison. Berger, who was the subject of a 1986 documentary, ''Der Al Capone vom Donaumoos'' ((英語:The Al Capone of the Donaumoos)),〔(Der Al Capone vom Donaumoos ) www.kino.de - Movie review, accessed: 2 March 2011〕 was sent to a collective 137 years in jail and died in the Straubing prison in 2003.〔(Servus Theo, alles Gute ) ''Der Spiegel'' - Good bye, Theo, all the best, published: 9 October 1989, accessed: 2 March 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Bavarian Donaumoos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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